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Từ điển Oxford Advanced Learner 8th
old age
ˌold ˈage BrE NAmE noun uncountable
the time of your life when you are old
•Old age can bring many problems.
•He lived alone in his old age.
Culture:
old age [old age]
Society is getting older. In 1990 about 14% of the population of the US was over 60, in 2020 it will be about 20%. In Britain there was a 27% increase in the number of people over 65 between 1971 and 2002. With further developments in medicine more and more people can expect to live a long time. This means that senior citizens (= people over about 65) may become a more powerful group, but it also means that services for them will need to improve. As people live longer, the question of how to pay for retirement has become an important social and political issue for governments. Many people may need to work beyond the normal retirement age of 65. For people who have enough money from their ↑pension and who are in good health, the years of retirement may be an opportunity to do some of the things they did not have time for when they were working. Some people take courses, some go on more holidays/vacations, others do voluntary work and continue to use the skills they learned for their job. Public transport, theatres, and sometimes restaurants give discounts to retired people to encourage them to go out. In the US especially, senior citizens are expected to be active, if their health permits, and the sight of a 70-year-old lifting weights in a gym is not uncommon. Many elderly people, however, have a more difficult old age. Those who rely on the British state pension or US ↑social security have to spend most of their money on food and heating and have little left for luxuries (= expensive pleasures). Others have poor health and cannot move around easily. Some are afraid to go out in case they are attacked and robbed. Many are lonely.
Older Americans who can afford a comfortable retirement may move to states like ↑Florida and ↑Arizona where the weather is warm all year. Many choose assisted living in an apartment in a retirement community, where there is somebody nearby to provide help if they need it. If they become ill they may need to move into a nursing home where they can get special medical care. Often the patient’s husband or wife can live there too. The cost of nursing homes is very high, and while many are excellent, others are not good. A few older people live with their children, but Americans do not usually want to be dependent on their children.
In Britain, too, elderly people like to be independent and to live in their own home for as long as possible. Those who find it difficult to look after themselves may have a home help for a few hours each week. Some may use a ↑meals on wheels service. Some towns have pensioners’ clubs which serve cheap meals. People who are less able to get about may be taken each day to a day centre run by organizations like ↑Age Concern where they can be with other people. As in the US, some elderly people move into sheltered accommodation or warden housing. Others go to live with one of their children. Many families, however, do not have room for their elderly relatives or do not want them to live with them. When these people can no longer care for themselves they have to move into a care home.
In Britain especially, elderly people get less respect than they do in many other societies. Nicknames such as ‘wrinklies’, ‘crumblies’, ‘old codgers’ and ‘old buffers’ are sometimes used to describe them in a cruel way. Elderly people are often thought by younger people to have little to contribute to society and to be a burden on the rest of the population. They used to be referred to as old age pensioners or OAPs but the name ‘senior citizens’ was introduced as part of a campaign to give the elderly a more positive image.
Collocations:
The ages of life
Childhood/youth
be born and raised/bred in Oxford; into a wealthy/middle-class family
have a happy/an unhappy/a tough childhood
grow up in a musical family/an orphanage; on a farm
be/grow up an only child (= with no brothers or sisters)
reach/hit/enter/go through adolescence/puberty
be in your teens/early twenties/mid-twenties/late twenties
undergo/experience physical/psychological changes
give in to/succumb to/resist peer pressure
assert your independence/individuality
Adulthood
leave school/university/home
go out to work (at sixteen)
get/find a job/partner
be/get engaged/married
have/get a wife/husband/mortgage/steady job
settle down and have kids/children/a family
begin/start/launch/build a career (in politics/science/the music industry)
prove (to be)/represent/mark/reach a (major) turning point for sb/in your life/career
reach/be well into/settle into middle age
have/suffer/go through a midlife crisis
take/consider early retirement
approach/announce/enjoy your retirement
Old age
have/see/spend time with your grandchildren
take up/pursue/develop a hobby
get/receive/draw/collect/live on a pension
approach/save for/die from old age
live to a ripe old age
reach the grand old age of 102/23 (often ironic)
be/become/be getting/be going senile (often ironic)
die (peacefully)/pass away in your sleep/after a brief illness
Example Bank:
•He attained a good old age and died content.
•He took up golf in his old age.
•Loss of hearing often occurs in old age.
•She can look forward to a happy old age.
•She lived to the ripe old age of 98.
•She was now well into old age.
•fears about a lonely old age
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